Essay about The Lymphatic System - 491 Words

The Lymphatic System nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Lymphatic System is very important. It helps with the Cardiovascular system, and our immune systems. The Lymphatic System is made up of two semi-independent parts. One is a network of lymphatic vessels. The other part is various lymphoid tissues and organs all over the body. The functions of the Lymphatic System transporting fluids that have escaped from the blood vascular system, and the organs house phagocytic cells and lymphocytes. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lymphatic vessels are an elaborate system of drainage vessles that collect the excess protein-containing fluid and returns it to the bloodstream.. Once an interstitial fluid enters the lymphatics it is called lymph. The†¦show more content†¦Thes cells are very important parts of the immune system. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Lymphatic System also contains tissues. The tissue of the Lymphatic System is reticular connective tissue. It hold the macrophages and changes the number of lymphocytes. It is an important part of the immune system. The Lymphoid tissue can be found in the follicles. Lymphoid organs are discrete and encapsulated. The main lymphoid organs are the spleen, tonsils, thymus and lymph nodes. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The lymph nodes are placed along the lymphatic vessels. Each node has a fibrous capsule, a cortex, and a medulla. The lymph nodes circulate fluids. The lymph enters the lymph nodes through afferent lymphatic vessels and exits through the efferent vessels. (afferent=enter, efferent=exit) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Most lymphoid organs contain both macrophages and lymphocytes. The spleen is a place for immune function, and it kills defective or aged red blood cells and blood-borne pathogens. The spleen also stores platelets, products of hemoglobin, and acts as hematopoietic sites in the fetus. The Thymus contains hormones. It is mostly functional in youth. Peyer’s patches are on the tonsils, intestional wall, lymphatic nodules of the appendix and nodules of the respitory tract. (MALT) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The many functions of the lymphatic system help the body to maintain body homeostasis. Some of the functions areShow MoreRelatedThe Lymphatic System862 Words   |  4 Pagesof our lymphatic system is vital to the health of our whole body. This system is critical to our body’s ability to detoxify and regenerate tissues, filter out toxins and foreign substances, recover crucial substances that have escaped from the blood, and maintain a healthy immune system. [pic] The Lymphatic system keeps the water of the body clean, and the pumping of the nodes during Lymphatic massage stimulates the production of various white blood cells and thus boosts the immune system. It isRead MoreThe Lymphatic System Essay881 Words   |  4 PagesThe lymphatic system is very similar, and works with and directly at the side of the cardiovascular system. The lymphatic system has a network of vessels like the circulatory system which pump a plasma-like fluid called lymph around it’s own lymph vessels, and are found in most other tissues of the body, except the central nervous system. Lymph is the name given to the fluid of plasma proteins that escape the circulatory system at the sites of the capillary network and diffuse into the cells aroundRead MorePa 7 - Johnford. 1. Topic: Lymphatic Systems Assists In1200 Words   |  5 PagesPA 7 - Johnford 1. TOPIC: Lymphatic Systems Assists in Fluid Circulation A. How are lymph capillaries structurally and functionally SIMILAR to blood capillaries? ANSWER: The structures between the two are similar in a way that they look like a web or roots, and they both function to collect and return blood to the heart from the blood cycle (1 p. 399). B. How are lymph vessels structurally and functionally SIMILAR to veins which carry blood. ANSWER: The lymph vessels and the veins both have valvesRead MoreThe Lymphatic And Immune System859 Words   |  4 Pages The organs that make up the lymphatic and immune system are the tonsils, spleen, thymus gland, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels. White blood cells (leukocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), plasma, and platelets (thrombocytes) make up the blood. Lymphocytes are leukocytes (white blood cells) that help the body fight off diseases. Two types of lymphocytes are B cells and T cells. Lymphocytes recognize antigens, or foreign substances/matter, in the body. Lymphocytes are a classification of agranulocytesRead MoreLymphatic And Immune System :831 Words   |  4 PagesLYMPHATIC IMMUNE SYSTEM: The body encounters billions of germs every day and the immune system with all its intricacies fights off these pathogens. The defense mechanism of the human body is complex and fascinating, working all around the clock with its work largely unnoticeable. The immune system, just like any other organ system works in tandem with the other organ systems to maintain homeostasis. The circulating fluids transport the immune cells from one part of the body to another. The endocrineRead MoreThe Lymphatic System Essay2019 Words   |  9 Pages The lymphatic system is the bodies’ drainage network that keeps the bodily fluid balanced and also fights off infections to keep he body healthy. The lymphatic system is made up of a variety of lymphatic vessels and organs. (The Spleen and Lymphatic System, Teens Health) The lymphatic system as a whole is similar to the cardiovascular system and has three specific functions. The vessels for one pick up extra fluid and return it to the bloodstream. Secondly, the lacteals receive lipoproteins andRead MoreLymphatic Disease : A General Overview Essay888 Words   |  4 PagesLymphatic Filarial Disease: A General Overview Lymphatic filarial disease is a disease that is caused by a parasitic infection of the lymphatic system. The parasites that cause this disease are found in the roundworm nematode family -- there are three types that cause it. The primary one is Wuchereria bancrofti; the other two are Brugia malayi, and Brougia timori (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2013). The severity of infection ranges from asymptomatic, acute clinical, to chronicRead MoreThe Lymphatic System Lab Essay1048 Words   |  5 PagesAP-2 Lab 06 – Lab Report Name: Section: Unit 4 Lab Report: Exercise 6: The Lymphatic System Purpose: What was the purpose of doing this exercise? The purpose of this exercise is to learn about the lymphatic system and how it works and helps the human body. Why we need it and the components associated with the lymphatic system. Activity 1: Microscopic Anatomy of Lymphatic Structures Observations: Sketch of Reticular Connective Tissue Slide (Lymph Node). Describe the structuresRead MoreClinical Manifestations Of Hiv Infections1545 Words   |  7 Pagespertinent to the examination of this patient? HIV is manifested clinically as the development of recurrent, often severe, opportunistic infections, such as respiratory infections, and oral candidiasis (white patches), due to their compromised immune system. Parotid enlargement is another common finding in person with HIV, and the use of illicit drugs, especially by injections positions the patient at high risk of acquiring HIV infection. Then, the history of present illness, past medical history, familyRead MoreRegistered Nurses And Members Of Various Professions Exchange Knowledge1107 Words   |  5 PagesThe agenda was organized from the most general concepts and then proceeded to most specific concept. Initially, there was a review of the cardiovascular system and the lymphovascular system. It was at this point where there exists the connection between the two systems. Further instruction on the anatomy and physiology of the lymphovascular system was discussed. Detailed discussion ensued on the microvascular fluid exchange at the capillary level, the Starlings law of fluid exchange of 1896 and how

A State s Political Culture And Its Effect On The...

Representative governments that are more characteristic of their population are thought to better serve their citizens. It is unreasonable to argue that a government made up of entirely white, middle-aged men would wholly understand the interests of a Native American woman in her twenties. What makes governments more reflective of their population? More specifically, what causes more women to participate in state legislatures? In this paper, I will argue that, according to the data, states with a non-moralistic political culture are more likely to have a greater number of women that participate in state legislatures. After comparing the political culture variable to other variables that I believed would also have a meaningful impact, I†¦show more content†¦The R-Script for the regression model will be included in the appendix. The main hypothesis texted in this paper is, â€Å"Are states with a moralistic culture more likely to have a legislature with a greater number of women than states with a non-moralistic culture?† According to political scientist Daniel Elazar, there are three types of political cultures in the United States: individualistic, moralistic, and traditionalistic. Each type of culture perceives politics differently, but the moralistic culture views it as â€Å"a concern for all citizens.† It is probable that states with this culture are more likely to have a greater number of women in the legislature since moralistic cultures perceive politics more democratically than the other two cultures. This democratic environment would be more likely to promote all groups of people to participate in government at all levels, including state legislatures. Individualistic cultures and traditionalistic cultures are more likely to believe that a select few will participate in politics an d that it rarely concerns the â€Å"commonwealth† or the general will. After considering what other independent variables to incorporate in the model to test this hypothesis, I decided to include the Cook Index variable and the urban population variable. I chose to include the Cook Index variable because a states

“a Vietnam Veteran Opposes the War, 1971” Free Essays

Brianna Obermiller English 1000 â€Å"A Vietnam Veteran Opposes the War, 1971† In 1971, veteran John Kerry stands for himself and many other veterans in a speech opposing the Vietnam War. Relaying how the veterans feel after coming back from such a horrific war, the audience is sympathetic with those who return with such terrible memories that they must bare for the rest of their lives. For John Kerry, it may be hard for him to describe such atrocities to his audience, and it may be even harder for the audience to believe that what he is saying is truthful, because what was going on in Vietnam at the time was much different than what the citizens of the USA believed it to be. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"a Vietnam Veteran Opposes the War, 1971† or any similar topic only for you Order Now For them, knowing the truths of the Vietnam War may simply put them in denial, however I believe Kerry’s descriptions were effective in convincing the audience of the truths of the war, because he conveys his truths by appealing to the audience’s pathos. The speech begins with John Kerry speaking on behalf of a large group of veterans. Describing the â€Å"war crimes† that they committed in Southeast Asia, a disgusting picture is painted of â€Å"cut off limbs, blown up bodies, [and] randomly shot at civilians† (23). To the American Citizen, it would be hard to imagine that this was what the young soldiers were doing in Southeast Asia at the time; Even harder to believe. However, when he speaks of how the young men feel upon their return, the truth of what he is saying becomes apparent. â€Å"The country doesn’t know it yet but it has created a monster, a monster in the form of millions of men who have been taught to deal and to trade in violence and who are given the chance to die for the biggest nothing in history; men who have returned with a sense of anger and a sense of betrayal which no one has yet grasped† (24). For the mothers, fathers, sisters and brothers whom have sent one of their own to live in such conditions, this would be such a shock that denial may be imminent. And for the listeners of this speech who have little or no personal connection, the sympathy as well as the horror would be overwhelming. How then does Kerry convince his audience that what he is saying is indeed the truth? First he chooses to speak for himself and the other men in Asia. In response to West Point Vice President Agnew’s statement that â€Å"Some glamorize the criminal misfits of society while our best men die in Asian rice paddies to preserve the freedom which most of those misfits abuse,† (24). Kerry states that â€Å"for us, as boys in Asia whom the country was supposed to support, his statement is a terrible distortion from which we can only draw a very deep sense of revulsion† (24). Why is it a terrible distortion? This would be a very common view for most Americans at the time. Kerry states that it is a distortion â€Å"because we in no way consider ourselves the best men of this country; because those he calls misfits were standing up for us in a way that nobody else in this country dared to†¦ because so many of those best men have returned as quadriplegics and amputees- and they lie forgotten in†¦ Hospitals†¦ We cannot consider ourselves America’s best men when we are ashamed of and hated for what we were called on to do in Southeast Asia† (24). The graphic descriptions that Kerry provides may convince the audience that what he is saying is indeed truthful, because it appeals to their pathos, as well as shocks them. His descriptions alone are, what I believe, his main advantage in convincing the readers of his point. In conclusion, the speech that John Kerry gave in 1971 would have been such a shock to his audience, that the truthfulness of his words may have been questioned. However, I believe that through appealing to the audience’s pathos, Kerry was very effective in swaying the audience to believe that what he was saying was indeed the truth, as well as effective in getting his point and his hope for the outcome of the war across to Wartime America. We wish that a merciful God could wipe away our own memories of that service as easily as the administration has wiped away their memories of us†¦ [in] 30 years from now our brothers [will] go down the street without a leg, without an arm, or a face, and small boys [will] ask why, and we will be able to say â€Å"Vietnam† and not mean a†¦ filthy obscene memory, but mean instead a place where America finally turned and wher e soldiers like us helped it in the turning† (26). Citations: Kerry, John F. A Vietnam Veteran Opposes the War, 1971. Apr. 1971. U. S Government How to cite â€Å"a Vietnam Veteran Opposes the War, 1971†, Papers

Aids in Cchildren Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Aids in Cchildren and Problems. Answer: Introduction AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, an infection which makes it difficult for the human body to resist contagious diseases. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by contaminating and injuring part of the human body's resistances against any infection, mainly the white blood cells called CD4 helper lymphocytes (Chi et al., 2014). Children confront an impenetrable limit in various Indian social demands and keep devastating. This condition draws in cover of the illness and weakens kids and their guardians from getting to available basic services. This report gives a review of the related formed work and brings a learning into a remarkable mix of issues that become particularly out of the HIV certification, including the social environments in the spread of HIV, and in making snags to finding the opportunity to mind (Janesltt, Kottorp Granlund, 2014). The audit sees general attempts and abutting rehearses that have ensured better access to against retro viral treatment and have actuated drawn out survival reduced in the vertical transmission of HIV in India. Body Internationally, a every single minute, a child is considered with HIV, bore by their mother in the midst of pregnancy, or improvement (Dias et al., 2014). There are 3.2 million youngsters more vivacious than 15 years living with HIV around the globe. The Indian Government have assessed that 3.5% of the 2.5 million HIV-beneficial individuals are children 15 years old. In India, the rate of perinatal transmission of HIV is 5.7%, with around 23 000 beginning late considered HIV undermined kids dependably. A little degree are demolished by polluted needles and unsafe blood transfusion, yet mother-to-tyke transmission of HIV is by a wide edge the most epic course of transmission in youngsters 15 years (Doku, Dotshe Menash, 2015). In this way, persuading affiliation regarding the polluting in pregnant women is essential for the staying away from of HIV transmission to kids. In the midst of 2013, around 54% of pregnant women overall were not tried HIV and were along these lines careless of their HIV status; of the all inclusive community who got tried and were bankrupt down to be destroyed, 70% gotten the essential treatment predicted that would dodge mother-to-tyke transmission, in this manner avoiding around 900,000 new HIV pollutions in young people (Yi et al., 2015). The general rate of mother-to-tyke transmission declined to around 17% in 2013, however this was still well underneath the target set by the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS in its 'Begin to Zero' Global Plan, of wiping out new HIV pollutions among youngsters and keeping their Mothers alive by 2015 (Zhao et al., 2015). More masterminded young people in India can in like way be feeble against getting the malady especially if they encounter the terrible impacts of insane discouraging and are living in the city (Khaksour et al., 2014). Social issues that join about this get of young sters are multifaceted and join child trafficking, and destroy for sex and cheap work. Kids with longstanding HIV illness routinely go up against wide physical difficulties including surrendered headway and change and late youth. Mental and social portions essentially impact the capacity to manage the disease as these youngsters are run up against with the issues of revealing their status, move from pediatric to grown-up care, and the decision of sensible treatment regimens and adherence (Mohamed et al., 2016). Their controllers reliably fear the effect of divulgence on the tyke's mental status and enthusiastic success and tend to support that disguising the HIV status is to the child's good position. On the off chance that the condition is directed sufficiently, the move of HIV from an uncommon terminal affliction to a steady sensible sickness will have honest to goodness comes about for kids. There is a need in this party of patients for propelling psycho-social support to help change in accordance with the ailment and additionally rather the transitioning from youth to adulthood and related issues of heading, business, organized assets, sexuality and affiliations. There is a verbalized need for a solid sponsorship to execute approvals on fundamental advantages of these adolescents India concerning seeing HIV as there has been a move to the more viable arrangement regimens taking after the present WHO suggestions (Sharer, Cluver Shields, 2015). Pregnancy in women seen to be contaminated by HIV ought to be named high-chance pregnancy and overseen by a multidisciplinary gathering. The quick worries of a lady educated of HIV ailment in pregnancy are maybe reinforce and controlling particularly concerning her own particular flourishing, likelihood of fetal sullying and how to avoid it, and introduction to her extra and relatives. As requirements be, the support offered for HIV-positive ladies ought to join social and mental support and besides therapeutic association (Diagnosing, 2015). Be that as it may, more youths are getting ART by and large, get to remains inadmissible low with just three of every ten qualified kids are enduring HIV treatment around the world. The circumstance for youngsters in India is basically indistinguishable where they are under-tended to among those getting ART. The WHO fortifies the need to contact kids as before timetable as could sensibly be typical, embracing start of ART for all HIV-positive youngsters more lively than 5 years. Beginning at now, 2.6 million youngsters worldwide are met all prerequisites for treatment (Machine et al., 2014). In India, there are around 145 000 kids underneath the age of 15 years living with HIV, and as of March 2014, the measure of Increased absence of insurance to HIV and different illnesses Exploitative tyke work and sexual manhandle Life in the city Reduced access to success associations Nutrition, haven and material needs Withdrawal from school Problems with legacy Economic issues Death of guards Psychosocial bother Children progress toward getting the opportunity to be thought suppliers Increasingly true blue contamination Pediatric HIV/AIDS. Pregnancy in women seen to be infected by HIV ought to be delegated high-chance pregnancy and coordinated by a multidisciplinary gathering. The incite worries of a lady trained of HIV sickness in pregnancy are maybe support and controlling particularly concerning her own specific thriving, likelihood of fetal pollution and how to dismiss it, and introduction to her embellishment and relatives (Rosala-Hallas, Bartlett Filteau, 2017). Thus, the support offered for HIV-positive ladies ought to circuit social and mental Support and moreover remedial association. Despite the fact that more young people are getting ART all around, Access remains unsatisfactorily low with just 3 of 10 qualified youngsters are enduring HIV treatment around the world. The circumstance for youngsters in India is comparative where they are under-tended to among those getting ART. The WHO strengthens the need to connect with youngsters as fitting on time as could be typical in light of the present circumstance, suggesting start of ART for all HIV-positive youths more youthful than 5 years. Beginning at now, 2.6 million youngsters worldwide are met all necessities for treatment. Kids enrolled in ART focuses was 1 06 824 young people, 42 015 of whom are enduring free ART. Early finding and treatment start are basic to redesign association of HIV-corrupted youngsters. Notwithstanding the route that there is an improvement in early finding among newborn child kids, aspiring begin of treatment is not understood, and thus, there is a slack of ART game-plan in youths as separated and grown-ups. Highlight has been laid on changing the treatment suggestions for kids with those of grown-up, for example, the utilization of strong first-line regimens with non-thymidine analogs, viral load based viewing and protease inhibitor based as a first-line regimens in young people 3 years self-governing of their mom's status. With respect to infected children, the key preparatory strides for better association are dealing with early affirmation and treatment start. Be that as it may, stream regimens have broadly and generally lessened AIDS related leading diseases and deaths, bolster in care with persevering adherence is fundamental to satisfy and keep up viral mask and what's more keep up a vital separation from cure resistance. Openness of settled estimation mixes has incited regimens with lower risk, chopped down pill weight and lower rehash of drug affiliation, which are portions related with better adherence and clinical results. Regardless, these young people confront overwhelming difficulties of significant appended adherence and prologue to perhaps perilous drugs requiring proceeded with watchfulness concerning being stranded or having guardians who are themselves doing combating the consequences of HIV. Treating the HIV pollution must be supplemented by directing other similarly gigantic perspectives being the profitable tireless association of synchronous sound deficiencies and co morbidities, which are common fortifications, and moreover deliberately keeping an eye out for the making psycho-social, money related and formative necessities of these youngsters as they make. It is chafing to note that patients are encountering firsthand second-line treatment disappointments in asset restricted settings and beginning at now have no or constrained access to third-line regimens. Reinforcing think about severe dislike and watch over HIV, making illustrative tests and tyke sincere plans including third-line and defend regimens quickly accessible in asset obliged settings are direly required. The focused on mediations and treatment are twisting up obviously more wide in India. These attempts must be regulated and extended quickly in high-chance zones and fulfill those individuals packages that are most at risk HIV transmission from mother to kid has been in a general sense disposed of in the made world, demonstrating that HIV sullying by techniques for this course is, figuratively, preventable (Puthanakit et al., 2013). Late advances in ART, the execution of antenatal screening and the work of early treatment, incite an amazing diminishing to an inconsequential rate in perinatal transmission in most high-wage nations, with some low-and center pay nations truly drawing nearer towards completing this. Considering all things, this course of transmission has not been bewildered totally and children general keep being considered with HIV. Parent-to-tyke transmission of HIV in India can be controlled with comprehensive screening and treatment scope. Sensible antenatal, perinatal and postnatal relationship over each and every geographic inspiration driving control are major in lessening transmission by strategies for the mother-to-tyke course (Sherr et al., 2014). In such way, advance has been made in India as the nation with everything considered sufficiently moves to the more solid treatment regimen stagedly, as shown by the present WHO proposition. Correspondingly, there have been neighborhood sharpens in India and what's more broad attempts to pass on issues to light of the issue of the high rate of HIV contamination in ladies and kids. The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS in its 'Start to Zero' Global Plan explained a commitment towards the aggregate of new HIV diseases among adolescents and keeping their moms alive. UNICEF report (2013) clutches the colossal run of the mill as to effort approach of following up ladies who have attempted positive, through their pregnancy and headway and the continuum of bolster these ladies and their families (Ananworanich et al., 2014). Conclusion Changing assumptions and modifying points of view and lead have a noteworthy part in dealing with the social Oral Diseases HIV/AIDS in ladies and young people in India Conclusion Marking the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women on 25 November, the UNAIDS concentrated on that delightful zero versatility for violence against ladies and young ladies and seeing firm sex adjust are basic for satisfying the objective of seeing the total of the AIDS torment. There are general endeavors to bolster the Indian government to stop and turn the HIV/AIDS scourge in India, and decline its impact on affected ladies and adolescents. UNICEF is helping the relationship to enhance the endeavors of keeping the vertical transmission of disease. HIV and to make access to treatment. There is support for the decay of nonappearance of regard and maul individuals living with HIV to guarantee that they get proportionate access to remedial affiliations procedure and social affiliations (Skeen et al., 2015). General workshops, for example, the World Workshop for HIV/AIDS held in Hyderabad, India, in 2015 join specialists from around the globe to see and main impetus investigate, clinical and social HIV-related issues and expansion nature with the particular difficulties that HIV is showing up in India References Chi, P., Li, X., Zhao, J., Zhao, G. (2014). Vicious circle of perceived stigma, enacted stigma and depressive symptoms among children affected by HIV/AIDS in China.AIDS and Behavior,18(6), 1054-1062. Janesltt, G., Kottorp, A., Granlund, M. (2014). Evaluating intervention using time aids in children with disabilities.Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy,21(3), 181-190. Dias, C. F., Moreira-Silva, S. F., Reis, M. A., Patrcio, L. R., Gavioli, C. F. B., Miranda, A. E. (2014). Late diagnosis and HIV infection in children attending a service of specialized care for pediatric AIDS in Brazil.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical,47(1), 93-96. Doku, P. N., Dotse, J. E., Mensah, K. A. (2015). Perceived social support disparities among children affected by HIV/AIDS in Ghana: a cross-sectional survey.BMC public health,15(1), 538. Yi, S., Chhoun, P., Brant, S., Kita, K., Tuot, S. (2015). Improving Education Opportunity, Health, and Quality of Life of Orphans and Vulnerable Children: The Sustainable Action against HIV and AIDS in Communities (SAHACOM). Khakshour, A., Taghizadeh Moghadam, H., Kiani, M. A., Saeidi, M., Zarif, B. (2014). Key Facts about Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in Children Worldwide.International Journal of Pediatrics,2(2.2), 145-152. Zhao, Q., Li, X., Gu, C., Zhao, J., Zhao, G. (2015). Correlates and mediators of problem behaviors among children affected by HIV/AIDS in rural China: a structural equation modeling analysis.Journal of Child and Family Studies,24(10), 2892-2904. Mohamad, S., Khan, I., Hey, S. Y., Hussain, S. M. (2016). A systematic review on skin complications of bone-anchored hearing aids in relation to surgical techniques.European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology,273(3), 559-565. Skeen, S., Macedo, A., Tomlinson, M., Hensels, I. S., Sherr, L. (2016). Exposure to violence and psychological well-being over time in children affected by HIV/AIDS in South Africa and Malawi.AIDS care,28(sup1), 16-25. Sharer, M., Cluver, L., Shields, J. (2015). Mental Health of Youth Orphaned due to AIDS in South Africa: biological and supportive links to caregivers.Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies,10(2), 141-152. Diagnosing, H. I. V. (2015). WHATS NEW IN INFANT DIAGNOSIS.age,3, 4. Machine, E. M., Gillespie, S. L., Homedes, N., Selwyn, B., Ross, M. W., Anabwani, G., ... Kline, M. (2015). P17. 21 Failure to engage as key factor of loss to follow-up from care and treatment among hiv-infected children in botswana: a case-control study. Rosala-Hallas, A., Bartlett, J. W., Filteau, S. (2017). Growth of HIV-exposed uninfected, compared with HIV-unexposed, Zambian children: a longitudinal analysis from infancy to school age.BMC pediatrics,17(1), 80. Ananworanich, J., Puthanakit, T., Suntarattiwong, P., Chokephaibulkit, K., Kerr, S. J., Fromentin, R., ... Chomont, N. (2014). Reduced markers of HIV persistence and restricted HIV-specific immune responses after early antiretroviral therapy in children.Aids,28(7), 1015-1020. Sherr, L., Cluver, L. D., Betancourt, T. S., Kellerman, S. E., Richter, L. M., Desmond, C. (2014). Evidence of impact: health, psychological and social effects of adult HIV on children.Aids,28, S251-S259. Puthanakit, T., Ananworanich, J., Vonthanak, S., Kosalaraksa, P., Hansudewechakul, R., van der Lugt, J., ... Luesomboon, W. (2013). Cognitive function and neurodevelopmental outcomes in HIV-infected children older than 1 year of age randomized to early versus deferred antiretroviral therapy: the PREDICT neurodevelopmental study.The Pediatric infectious disease journal,32(5), 501.